Kingdom Plantae



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Contents

Thallophyta


Description: Thallophyta is a taxonomic group including algae, fungi, and lichens, characterized by simple plant-like structures lacking true stems, roots, or leaves, and often having a thallus body organization.


Bryophyta


Description: Bryophyta, or mosses, liverworts, and hornworts, are non-vascular plants with simple structures, lacking true roots, stems, or leaves. They typically grow in moist environments and play roles in ecosystems.


Pteridophyta


Description: Pteridophyta, or ferns and their allies, are vascular plants that reproduce via spores. They have roots, stems, and leaves but do not produce seeds. They often inhabit moist environments.


Gymnosperms & Angiosperms


Description: Gymnosperms are seed-producing plants with naked seeds, such as conifers and cycads. Angiosperms are flowering plants with enclosed seeds within fruits, comprising the majority of plant diversity on Earth.


Plant life cycle


Description: Plant life cycle includes alternating between gametophyte (haploid) and sporophyte (diploid) generations, facilitating sexual reproduction and dispersal through spores or seeds.


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