Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties



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Contents

Modern Periodic Table


Description: Periodic Table organizes elements by increasing atomic number. Newlands’s Law of Octaves and Lothar Meyer’s contributions preceded Mendeleev’s Periodic Table. Modern Periodic Table refines this, including elements with atomic numbers > 100.


Electronic Configuration of Elements


Description: Electronic configuration details how electrons are distributed in shells and subshells. Periodic tables classify elements by properties and atomic number.


Ionic Radius & Lanthanide Contraction


Description: Metals, non-metals, and metalloids exhibit different physical and chemical properties. Ionic radius varies with atomic size, and lanthanide contraction affects atomic radii in the lanthanide series.


Ionization Enthalpy & Ionization Energy


Description: Ionization enthalpy refers to the energy required to remove an electron from an atom. It generally increases across periods and decreases down groups in the periodic table.


Electron Gain Enthalpy & Trends of Oxides


Description: Electron gain enthalpy measures energy released when gaining an electron; electronegativity gauges electron attraction in bonds.


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