Solutions



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Contents

Molarity & Equivalent Weight & Normality


Description: Molarity measures moles of solute per liter of solution. Equivalent weight is moles of solute per equivalent. Normality measures equivalents per liter.


Molality & Concentration & Solubility


Description: Molality measures moles of solute per kilogram of solvent, concentration is typically molarity or normality, and solubility is solute saturation in solvent.


Types of Solution Based on Solubility


Description: Types of solutions based on solubility include saturated, unsaturated, and supersaturated solutions. Solubility of gas in liquid follows Henry's Law.


Lattice Energy & Hydration Energy


Description: Lattice energy is the energy released when ions combine to form a solid. Hydration energy is released when ions are hydrated.


Ideal & Non-Ideal Solution


Description: An ideal solution follows Raoult's law perfectly. Non-ideal solutions deviate; positive deviates have stronger interactions, negative deviates weaker.


Classification of Solution & Mole Fraction


Description: Homogeneous mixtures have uniform composition; solutions classify by solute-solvent interactions, and mole fraction quantifies component proportions in solutions.


Depression in Freezing Point


Description: Relative lowering of vapor pressure is solute concentration-dependent; freezing point depression correlates with solute addition in solutions.


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